DKA HHS diagnosis

• related: DKA

DKA:

• **hyperglycemia, anion gap metabolic acidosis, and ketonemia **
• Hyperglycemia: usually < 800 mg/dL and commonly between 350 to 500 mg/dL (19.4 to 27.8 mmol/L). Higher in comatose patients, lower in starvation, pregnancy, insulin rx prior to arrival, SGLT2 usage
• Metabolic acidosis is often the major finding.

HHS:

• Hyperglycemia: frequently >1000 mg/dL
• Hyperosmolality: serum osm > 380 mosmol/kg, and neurologic abnormalities are frequently present (coma)
• Acidosis: usually mild. pH >7.30, a serum bicarbonate >20 mEq/L
• no ketones: test negative for ketones in serum and urine, although mild ketonemia may be present, beta-hydroxybutyrate <0.6 mmol/L
• Variable AG