15 Lung Cancer
- breast: most common for women
- prostate: most common for men
- lung: second most common for both men/women
Risk
- cigarettes contain PAH
- radiation to chest
- radon: naturally occurring substance get to homes through ground
Symptoms and Diagnosis
- may grow into blood vessels and cause bleeding
- benign if same prior
- see coin lesions, first thing to do is to compare with prior Xray
Benign Lung Nodules
- granulomas: people previously with TB, sarcoidosis
- hamartomas: lesion made of normal tissues but disorganized
- fungal: can be very mild/asymptomatic
- also prior mycobacteria
Primary Lung Cancer
- small cell rare but much worse
Small Cell
- Kulchitsky cells: sea of undifferentiated small cells
- neuroendocrine: associated paraneoplastic symptoms
- neuroendocrine: NSE, NCAM, CD56, chromogranin, synaptophysin
- occur centrally in lung
Non Small Cell
Squamous
- near center of chest right when primary bronchi branches
Adenocarcinoma
- tumor in nonsmoker and peripheral: think adeno
Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma
Large Cell Carcinoma
- doesn't fit in other types
- very poor prognosis
Carcinoid
- even though has name, rarely causes carcinoid syndrome, more common with GI tumors met to liver
Complications
- different from SVC, just arm edema, no facial edema
- irritating nerves: shoulder pain radiating
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