15 Blood Groups
- ABO: natural antibodies
- Rh: acquired
ABO
- formation of A and B driven by exposure to bacterial antigens
- do not cross placenta: no problem for different babies and mom
- 4 sugar molecules
- O: H antigen, default
- A: add galactosamine
Rh
- in contrast with sugar on surface
- antibody does not occur naturally like ABO
Newborn Hemolytic Disease
- antibodies from mom cross placenta, attack baby
- low antibody titer: mild case
- screen D- mother for antibodies to antigen
- D+ RBC from fetus to maternal circuit, IgG binds
- clearance before immune response
Transfusion
- Type and screen: determine AB, Rh antigens and perform antibody screening test for rare antigens
Blood Type
Type and Screen
- screen for antibodies to rare antigens
- further testing to determine which antigen
- many transfusions in life: many different antibodies
Type and Cross
Blood products
- FFP: for clotting factors
Transfusion reactions
- reason for typing and cross matching
- leukoreduction: eliminate WBC to reduce frequency of FNHTR
- inflammation in lungs
- neutrophils in patient's lung exposed to product and activated to release enzymes
- answer always stop transfusion first
Backlinks