15 Blood Groups
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/kHPnblD.jpg)
- ABO: natural antibodies
- Rh: acquired
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/y555qLB.jpg)
ABO
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/axAIAFG.jpg)
- formation of A and B driven by exposure to bacterial antigens
- do not cross placenta: no problem for different babies and mom
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/KTpOBe9.jpg)
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/K0BS9fD.jpg)
- 4 sugar molecules
- O: H antigen, default
- A: add galactosamine
Rh
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/RUOpUXi.jpg)
- in contrast with sugar on surface
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/j9ctels.jpg)
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/KuwPWjn.jpg)
- antibody does not occur naturally like ABO
Newborn Hemolytic Disease
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/4yCyfEd.jpg)
- antibodies from mom cross placenta, attack baby
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/HB66hK0.jpg)
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/W0wt02I.jpg)
- low antibody titer: mild case
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/AeEUKDp.jpg)
- screen D- mother for antibodies to antigen
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/Pbvxdf5.jpg)
- D+ RBC from fetus to maternal circuit, IgG binds
- clearance before immune response
Transfusion
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/yw70Gh0.jpg)
- Type and screen: determine AB, Rh antigens and perform antibody screening test for rare antigens
Blood Type
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/QcSM4Px.jpg)
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/We6yzJH.jpg)
Type and Screen
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/l7TCfUi.jpg)
- screen for antibodies to rare antigens
- further testing to determine which antigen
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/OP7spCR.jpg)
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/pFp9vkx.jpg)
- many transfusions in life: many different antibodies
Type and Cross
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/mSFeTpk.jpg)
Blood products
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/XcQPLKL.jpg)
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/3BSZjRm.jpg)
- FFP: for clotting factors
Transfusion reactions
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/XmgxyKH.jpg)
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/PA5IsDR.jpg)
- reason for typing and cross matching
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/Uzq5LJM.jpg)
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/TEZzicW.jpg)
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/3bzjRzr.jpg)
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/ZTRFsmV.jpg)
- leukoreduction: eliminate WBC to reduce frequency of FNHTR
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/aUSizuU.jpg)
- inflammation in lungs
- neutrophils in patient's lung exposed to product and activated to release enzymes
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/fnJ3REa.jpg)
- answer always stop transfusion first
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