05 Translation

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• mRNA from 5 to 3
• 1st amino acid at 5' cap is read first

• protein synthesis antibiotics target ribosomes only found in prokaryotes

• not normal bases found in RNA. Very unusual shape

• base pairs with itself within the molecule

• genetic code: codon on mRNA, coding strand
• tRNA: anticodon, complementary to genetic code

• thymidine normally not found in RNA. Also normally no OH

• aa to 3' end of tRNA

• 2 phosphate lost from ATP. AA combined with AMP
• AMP split off, amino acid added
• formation of aminoacyl group via aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

• hydrolyze and cleave aa off from AMP/tRNA and not added to chain

• each site is a codon on mRNA strand

• methionine in eu. fMet in bacteria
• tRNA for met or fMet binds directly to P site
• met removed later

• catalyzed by the ribosome itself
• peptidyl transferase: made of RNA not proteins

• no tRNA with anticodons to these codons
• OH group at end of molecule

• N-: sugar to nitrogen, etc.