05 Glycolysis

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• red arrows: nonreversible

Hexokinase/Glucokinase

• G6P traps glucose inside cell
• once high levels of G6P, stop: doesn't hoard glucose

• anytime glucose level high, it is taken up and converted to G6P
• only time G6P inactive is low glucose and high F6P = fasting and gluconeogenesis

• from cytosol to nucleus = inactive
• G6P will always be active in high glucose state, regardless of F6P

Glucokinase Deficiency

• won't release insulin and won't take up glucose

PFK 1

• committed step
• all the way to pyruvate

• F26BP: way insulin controls glycolysis

F26BP

• glucagon leads to phosphorylation of PFK2/PBPase2

• insulin dephosphorylates PFK2, activating it
• insulin dephosphorylates F26BP, inactivating it

Splitting

Energy Stage

• alanine byproduct of degradation of protein
• liver sees alanine, inhibit pyruvate kinase and glycolysis to not use glucose

• regenerates NAD+ after use of 1st step to keep conducting glycolysis