03 Adrenal Gland
Adrenal gland blood supply
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/7JkO6tc.jpg)
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/iY7WnJQ.jpg)
Structures
Outer capsule, cortex, and medulla..
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/9kX3EWg.jpg)
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/bSIc9iE.jpg)
- Cortex: makes the corticoids
- Medulla is like a massive nerve. Also secretes dopamine
Germ Cell Layers:..
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/bSIc9iE.jpg)
Chromaffin Cells
Neuroendocrine cells found mostly in the medulla of the adrenal glands that secretes E and NE.
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/oLUFBxF.jpg)
Neural crest derived..
Zones:..
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/mEAqHzr.jpg)
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/i7UeW2K.jpg)
Adrenal Gland Hormones
Zona Glomerulosa
Makes mineralcorticoids.
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/6ukPktr.jpg)
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/d4yxgW2.jpg)
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/jYu63dz.jpg)
Desmolase
Stimulated by ACTH to make cortisol.
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/d4yxgW2.jpg)
Aldosterone Synthase
Stimulated by Ang II to make aldosterone.
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/d4yxgW2.jpg)
Zona Fasciculata
Makes glucocorticoids.
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/6ukPktr.jpg)
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/kKHxI9z.jpg)
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/jYu63dz.jpg)
Zona Reticularis
Makes androgens.
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/6ukPktr.jpg)
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/BERPHHU.jpg)
17, 30 lyase double bonds at 17 position:
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/K7UJzSt.jpg)
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/jYu63dz.jpg)
Mineralcorticoids
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/naNpmVc.jpg)
Mineral: minerals like Na/K. Corticoids: Made in the cortex
- Increase Na channels and Na/K pumps: increase Na reabsorption, K secretion on principal cell
- Increase H pump: increase H secretion on intercalated cell.
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/CXZAvGm.jpg)
Glucocorticoids aka Cortisol
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/XsDptFU.jpg)
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/IBPOElj.jpg)
CBG
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/8miuLSK.jpg)
Circadian Rhythm
Circadian rhythm: Hormone is highest at morning to prepare for stress of the day.
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/wRRZ7aN.jpg)
Cortisol Effects
- Cortisol goes up in time of stress. Increases BP and necessary nutrients, and shuts down everything else..
BP Effects
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/4dooFsg.jpg)
Immune Effects
- Suppress because don't need immune system in stress..
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/54tIj9J.jpg)
- Glucocorticoids inhibit the production of IL-2, which is important for T-cell proliferation. Thus, pharmacologic doses of glucocorticoids prevent the rejection of transplanted organs.
- The induction of synthesis of lipocortin, a phospholipase A2 inhibitor, leads to the inhibition of leukotriene and prostaglandin production.
They exert these effects through several mechanisms:..
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/9z9Luha.jpg)
Glucose Effects
- Hyperglycemia for energy needs
- Glucocorticoids: makes glucose
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/rJJR6iV.jpg)
Also enhances glucagon that offsets glycogen synthase effects.
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/ooygw5V.jpg)
- glucagon and epinephrine good for short term stress
Fat Effects
- Activates lipolysis for energy but stimulates fat deposition chronically.
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/IF1kLT2.jpg)
Effects on muscles, skin, bones
- Negative effects because don't need any of these in stress..
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/irX8V18.jpg)
Striae
Purple stretch marks in dermis that can be seen due to thinning of skin. Cortisol decreases fibroblast activity.
Corticosteroid Drugs
- oral prednisone often used for asthma, lupus, etc.
- methylprednisolone is IV form of prednisone..
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/8oVqD20.jpg)
Androgens
![](https://photos.thisispiggy.com/file/wikiFiles/mmno5xa.jpg)
More important in females