01 Knee

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• patella: in front of knee. Knee cap
• menisci: cushings

Bones

• where femur meets knee joint: 2 condyles

• tibia also has condyles
• tibial tuberosity: ligament attach to patella inserts here

Ligaments

ACL

• pull tibia forward in lower leg restricted

PCL

• find patellar first
• top bone: femur
• bottom bone: tibia
• left pic: black line attaching to anterior tibia (anterior cruciating)
• right pic: black line attach to posterior tibia (posterior cruciating)

Collateral

• valgus: distal bone in joint moves away from midline. V for upside down V

MCL

LCL

• does not attach to tibia but fibula

Menisci

• MRI: triangular black triangles on either side of knee

Injury

ACL

• NFL football

• ACL resists forward movement

PCL

• car crash, knee into dashboard, push lower leg backward
• increased backward movement of the tibia against a fixed femur

MCL

• push knee medially or pull laterally
• tackle in football or just twisted
• test: passively move leg into valgus position: medial space widens

Unhappy Triad

• foot planted, someone wacks from side, pushes knee medially

LCL

• difficult to injure, need force on inside of knee
• massive trauma that damages everything

Meniscus

• A meniscus injury typically shows a small joint effusion and crepitus, locking, or catching with range of motion.

Others

• joints often surrounded by bursa
• slippery cushings

• any injury would cause cyst from communication of synovium and bursa
• degenerative osteoarthritis, inflammatory arthritis

• white