01 Innate Immunity
Innate vs adaptive
- Innate immune response can react directly to invaders
- T cells require antigen presentation from APC
- If T cells can react to any thing, then autoimmune problems
Cytokines
- interleukins: travel between leukocytes
CD
Innate
- Neutrophils on call to assist macrophages when needed
- Virus have double stranded RNA and some single stranded RNA that transiently gets copied to double
- DNA in human is methylated; bacteria has unmethylated DNA
Macrophages
- macrophages guards, ready to consume any foreigners
Phagocytosis
- proteases break down proteins, nucleases nucleotides, lysozymes cell wall
- tissue destruction from macrophages/neutrophils
- TB modifies surface of phagosome
Cytokines
- macrophages 1st line of defense: IL-1
- macrophages 1st line of defense: 1st IL
- IL1 raises set point temperature
- TNF-a kills tumors by causing coagulation in tumors, but can also cause DIC
Neutrophils
- backup cells to macrophages
- Neutrophils always have SL X, normally nothing to bind to
- ICAM always on endothelial cells, normally can't bind anything
- alk phos: low in some leukemias (CML)
- collagenase: breaks down collagen; lysozyme: breaks down cell wall; lactoferrin: found in breast milk and binds iron, lyse bacteria and kill cell in neutrophils
Complement
- alternative pathway: spontaneous conversion
NK cells
ADCC
- antibodies elements of adaptive immune system
- NK part of innate; T/B part of adaptive
Eosinophils
- positive charge picks up Eosin dye
Basophils
- helminths binds multiple IgE, triggering cross link and degranulation
Dendritic Cells
- star shaped
- professional antigen presenters
- battle raging in tissue; dendritic cells pick up antigen to present to T cells
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