01 Innate Immunity
![](https://i.imgur.com/j9nkAXG.jpg)
Innate vs adaptive
![](https://i.imgur.com/EPn02kg.jpg)
![](https://i.imgur.com/nszFPAD.jpg)
![](https://i.imgur.com/eSDuhvK.jpg)
- Innate immune response can react directly to invaders
- T cells require antigen presentation from APC
- If T cells can react to any thing, then autoimmune problems
Cytokines
![](https://i.imgur.com/O0YzL02.jpg)
- interleukins: travel between leukocytes
CD
![](https://i.imgur.com/I5uxB0W.jpg)
Innate
![](https://i.imgur.com/Y7FjRGD.jpg)
- Neutrophils on call to assist macrophages when needed
![](https://i.imgur.com/vx5hr8z.jpg)
![](https://i.imgur.com/Udlyu9A.jpg)
![](https://i.imgur.com/IuN7HuR.jpg)
- Virus have double stranded RNA and some single stranded RNA that transiently gets copied to double
- DNA in human is methylated; bacteria has unmethylated DNA
Macrophages
![](https://i.imgur.com/kbU8STp.jpg)
- macrophages guards, ready to consume any foreigners
![](https://i.imgur.com/tirGhIt.jpg)
Phagocytosis
![](https://i.imgur.com/cxNuTda.jpg)
![](https://i.imgur.com/cDFRsUs.jpg)
- proteases break down proteins, nucleases nucleotides, lysozymes cell wall
![](https://i.imgur.com/pOks5Mq.jpg)
- tissue destruction from macrophages/neutrophils
![](https://i.imgur.com/8fOkMbD.jpg)
- TB modifies surface of phagosome
![](https://i.imgur.com/8unm9i9.jpg)
![](https://i.imgur.com/ZKAbBg4.jpg)
Cytokines
![](https://i.imgur.com/vns9hSj.jpg)
- macrophages 1st line of defense: IL-1
![](https://i.imgur.com/GzXRKDw.jpg)
- macrophages 1st line of defense: 1st IL
- IL1 raises set point temperature
- TNF-a kills tumors by causing coagulation in tumors, but can also cause DIC
![](https://i.imgur.com/V1RZUEd.jpg)
Neutrophils
![](https://i.imgur.com/aKyz9eX.jpg)
- backup cells to macrophages
![](https://i.imgur.com/7b9QeLR.jpg)
![](https://i.imgur.com/KOwZtj8.jpg)
- Neutrophils always have SL X, normally nothing to bind to
![](https://i.imgur.com/dNRtQuN.jpg)
- ICAM always on endothelial cells, normally can't bind anything
![](https://i.imgur.com/iAAVH2e.jpg)
- alk phos: low in some leukemias (CML)
- collagenase: breaks down collagen; lysozyme: breaks down cell wall; lactoferrin: found in breast milk and binds iron, lyse bacteria and kill cell in neutrophils
![](https://i.imgur.com/prsWx5J.jpg)
![](https://i.imgur.com/wxZuXUy.jpg)
Complement
![](https://i.imgur.com/WPgDWbZ.jpg)
- alternative pathway: spontaneous conversion
![](https://i.imgur.com/1tC6phV.jpg)
NK cells
![](https://i.imgur.com/Y5haRzR.jpg)
![](https://i.imgur.com/fsCoqHB.jpg)
![](https://i.imgur.com/UrSXZ5p.jpg)
ADCC
![](https://i.imgur.com/iyF86wX.jpg)
- antibodies elements of adaptive immune system
![](https://i.imgur.com/S7PyC9Y.jpg)
![](https://i.imgur.com/McDfsYv.jpg)
- NK part of innate; T/B part of adaptive
Eosinophils
![](https://i.imgur.com/0ZI3vN1.jpg)
![](https://i.imgur.com/ZABawt2.jpg)
- positive charge picks up Eosin dye
![](https://i.imgur.com/mI2FE75.jpg)
Basophils
![](https://i.imgur.com/tPu68PB.jpg)
![](https://i.imgur.com/yF0fiwB.jpg)
- helminths binds multiple IgE, triggering cross link and degranulation
Dendritic Cells
![](https://i.imgur.com/ADsu9EF.jpg)
- star shaped
- professional antigen presenters
- battle raging in tissue; dendritic cells pick up antigen to present to T cells
![](https://i.imgur.com/TrThpDH.jpg)
![](https://i.imgur.com/BuJHST9.jpg)
![](https://i.imgur.com/UFgULCD.jpg)
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