-
Celiac Disease
Celiac Disease
- related: GI
This patient has iron and vitamin D deficiencies despite consuming a nutritious diet, suggesting a malabsorption disorder. In a young patient with multi-nutrient malabsorption, the most likely explanation is celiac disease (gluten-sensitive enteropathy). The likelihood of celiac disease is even higher in this patient wit
-
Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia
Chronic mesenteric ischemia
- related: GI
- tags: #GI
The key to making the diagnosis is the worsening of her dull, crampy epigastric pain after eating. Given her known atherosclerotic disease, the most likely diagnosis at this point is chronic mesenteric ischemia. The disease is sometimes referred to as "intestinal angina" sin
-
Esophagitis
Esophagitis
- related: GI, eosinophilic esophagitis
This patient's heartburn is most likely due to medication-induced esophagitis (MIE). Certain medications, including doxycycline, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), potassium chloride, and bisphosphonates (eg, alendronate), can become stuck in the esophagus and cause
-
GERD
GERD
- related: GI
In patients with frequent GERD symptoms (eg, >2 times per week) and no alarm signs or symptoms (eg, dysphagia, odynophagia, anorexia, weight loss, evidence of gastrointestinal bleeding), initial treatment is recommended with a daily proton pump inhibitor (PPI) (eg, omeprazole) for at least 8 weeks. Lifestyle changes (eg, smoking cessation, alcohol reduction) should be pursued as well. Such a patient whose symptoms fail to improve with
-
GI Bleed
GI Bleed
- Keywords:: GI Step 3, lower GI bleed, upper GI bleed
- Hematochezia (bright red blood per rectum or maroon-colored stools) is nearly always due to lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB).
- Hematemesis and melena are more common in upper GI bleeding (UGIB), although UGIB can sometimes present with hematochezia if bleeding is particularly brisk.
- Hemodyn
-
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B
Acute Infection
- sx:
- 70% asymptomatic
- 30% nausea, anorexia, jaundice, RUQ pain. Resolve spontaneously
- 0.5% ALF
- labs:
- ALT elevation (as high as 3000 u/L)
- +hep B surface ag
- +hep B IgM ant
- sx:
-
Medicine
Medicine
Todos
- tolearn
- MKSAP todos
- heart murmurs
Organ Systems
- Allergy and Immunology
- Rheumatology
- Cardiology
- Dermatology
- Endocrine
- ENT
- GI
- Hemeonc
- ID
- MSK
- Nephrology
- Urology
- Neurology
- Pulmonology
- Podiatry
Subject Areas
- General
- Biostats
- Psychiatry
- [[Geriatric
-
PSC Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
PSC
- related: GI, PBC primary biliary cholangitis
- tags: #GI
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is an autoimmune fibroinflammatory disease of the large bile ducts, but it can also affect the small bile ducts (small-duct PSC). It is more common in men than in women, which is unique among the autoimmune liver diseases. PSC is associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
-
Acute Cholangitis
acute cholangitis
- related: GI
- pathogenesis:
- common bile duct ascending bacterial infection
- result of choledocholithiasis: disruption of normal bile flow, bacteria ascend biliary tract from duodenum
- cause:
- E. coli (25 to 50%)
- Klebsiella pneumonia (15 to 20%)
- Enterobacter species (5 to 10%)
- Enterococcus species (10 to 20%
-
Hepatorenal Syndrome
Hepatorenal syndrome
- related: GI
- tags: #note
Pathophysiology
- important complication of end stage liver disease
- liver: cirrhosis => increased intrahepatic vascular resistance => portal HTN => increase NO, vasodilators => splanchnic arterial dilation (celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric arteries) => hypotension
- kidney: decrease in renal perfusion => activates RAAS/vasopressin
-
Portal Vein Thrombosis
portal vein thrombosis
- related: GI, splenic vein thrombosis
Chronic portal vein thrombosis is a potential complication of cirrhosis (rather than pancreatitis). Its presentation can be similar to SVT, but in portal vein thrombosis there is hypertension of the entire portal system with esophageal varices typically accompanying gastric varices.
-
Pylephlebitis
Pylephlebitis
- related: GI, appendicitis in pregnancy
Pylephlebitis, an infective suppurative portal vein thrombosis, is a rare but devastating complication of untreated appendicitis or other intraabdominal or pelvic infections (eg, diverticulitis). The portal venous system drains the majority of the gastrointestinal tract; infections associated with this system lead to localized thrombophlebitis that can extend
-
Splenic Vein Thrombosis
splenic vein thrombosis
- related: GI, portal vein thrombosis
This patient presenting with gastrointestinal hemorrhage and isolated gastric varices in the setting of prior pancreatitis likely has splenic vein thrombosis (SVT). Most patients with SVT have a history of acute or chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer. Thrombosis occurs as the splenic vein runs along the posterior surface
-
Nutrition Assessment
nutrition assessment
- related: GI
Overview
- Key elements of nutrition assessment
Social History
- access to food
- financial access: can afford?
- mobility: can obtain?
- preparing food
- who cooks
- can patient cook, how often?
Diet History
- specific diet?
- gluten free, low carb, keto, paleo, vegan
-
Acalculous Cholecystitis
acalculous cholecystitis
- related: GI
- tags: #note
This patient in the intensive care unit has fever with CT scan evidence of acalculous cholecystitis.
Acalculous cholecystitis is due to gallbladder stasis with resultant ischemia of the gallbladder wall. Most cases occur in the hospitalized setting, particularly in patients who are critically ill. Suspicion is often raised when a hospitalized patient develops unexplained fever, leukocytosis, and jaun
-
Hepatitis B Vaccine
hepatitis b vaccine
- related: GI, Hepatitis B, notes
- tag: #note
- source: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hepatitis-b-virus-immunization-in-adults
Vaccine types
The United States Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends the use of the following vaccine formulations:
- Recombinant hepatitis B vaccines (conventional)
- Recombivax HB (10 mcg HBsAg/mL)
- Engerix-B (20
-
Acid and Base in Liver Disease
acid and base in liver disease
- related: GI
Alkalosis
- cirrhosis pts have respiratory alkalosis
- ascites/hydrothorax causes hyperventilation
- hyperammonaemia and hepatic encephalopathy also cause hyperventilation
- decreased albumin causes alkalosis
- albumin is weak acid
- 1g decrease in albumin causes base excess of 3
Acidosis
- Hyponatremia is related to acidosis
- free water pH 7.0 d
-
IBS
IBS
- related: GI
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
IBS represents a heterogeneous group of functional bowel disorders defined by the presence of abdominal pain in association with defecation and/or a change in bowel habits. Abdominal pain may worsen or subside with defecation. The altered bowel habits may include constipation, diarrhea, or a mix of both types. Other commonly reported symptoms include abdominal bloating and abdominal distention. The exact cause of IBS rem
-
Achalasia and Pseudoachalasia
achalasia and pseudoachalasia
Achalasia is a hypertonic motility condition defined by inadequate relaxation of the LES and aperistalsis. Achalasia can be idiopathic or associated with viral, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative disorders and infection (Chagas disease). Damage to the ganglion cells and myenteric plexus in the esophageal body and LES leads to uncon
-
Acute Liver Failure
acute liver failure
- related: GI, acute fatty liver of pregnancy
The 3 criteria for acute liver failure are evidence of hepatic injury (eg, elevated aminotransferases), encephalopathy, and INR ≥1.5; this patient has only 1 of these 3 criteria. Given the very low risk of progression to acute (fulminant) liver failure due to acute HBV infection (<1%), admission to the intensive care unit is not warranted.
-
Constipation
constipation
- related: GI
Definition
- 2 of following:
-
straining
-
passage of hard or lumpy stool
-
sensation of incomplete defecation
-
using manual maneuvers to facilitate movement
-
and/or < 3BM per week
-
-
Dysphagia
dysphagia
- related: GI
- achalasia and pseudoachalasia
- zenker
Tests
- barium esophagram: zenker
- esophageal manometry: motility disorder like achalasia
- usually dysphagia to liquids or both solids and liquids
- ambulatory pH testing and impedance-pH testing: acid exposure
- acid, nonacid reflux for GERD
-
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome
hepatopulmonary syndrome
- related: GI, Pulmonology
- tags: #pulmonology
Hepatopulmonary syndrome is a complication of cirrhosis caused by dilation of the pulmonary vasculature in the setting of advanced liver disease and portal hypertension. A high alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient results from functional shunting. Patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome usually have
-
Lower GI Bleed
lower GI bleed
- related: GI
Resuscitation goals for patients with LGIB should be normalization of blood pressure and heart rate, as well as the transfusion of packed red blood cells if needed to maintain the hemoglobin level above 7 g/dL (70 g/L), with a threshold of 9 g/dL (90 g/L) in patients with massive bleeding, or when treatment may be delayed. Platelet transfusion to maintain
-
Opioid Induced Constipation
opioid induced constipation
-
related: GI, constipation
-
treatment:
- first line: stool softeners, bulk laxatives, stimulants, osmotics
- oral naloxegol: peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor antagonist
- stop current laxative before starting naloxegol, can readd back after 3 days
- oral naldemedine and subcutaneous methylnaltrexone.
Patients with opioid-induced constipation can be managed initially by increasing fluid and dietary fiber intake a
-
-
Upper GI Bleed
upper GI bleed
Sx
- hematemesis: bright red blood/clots
- “coffee-ground” emesis: dark, digested blood
- melena: black, tarry stool
- hematochezia: bright bloody stool
Causes
- peptic ulcer disease: most commin, mostly by NSAID or H pylori
- esophagitis: rarely causes significant UGIB
- gastroesophageal varices
- usually in proximal stomach or distal esophagus
- Mallory-Weiss tear: from repeated vomiting/retching
-
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy
acute fatty liver of pregnancy
- related: GI
Immediate delivery of the fetus is the most appropriate next step in management. This patient has findings of acute fatty liver of pregnancy, which is a rare but serious condition occurring most commonly in the third trimester. Women with this condition typically present with a 1- to 2-week history of nausea and vomiting, right-upper-quadrant or epigastric pain, headache, jaundice, anorexia, and/or polyuria and polydipsia
-
Autoimmune Pancreatitis
autoimmune pancreatitis
-
related: GI
-
pathophysiology: unclear
- systemic fibroinflammatory disease
-
sx:
- painless jaundice
- IgG4-related associations: sialadenitis, probable retroperitoneal fibrosis
-
dx
- imaging: sausage shaped pancreas
- abundant IgG4-producing plasma cells seen on tissue biopsy
-
treatment: prednisone
-
-
Chronic Diarrhea
chronic diarrhea
- related: GI
Testing
- CBC, iron studies, TSH, fecal calprotectin
- celiac disease, C.diff
- small intestine evaluation: small bowel xray, CT enterography, MR enterography for diverticular disease, inflammation, strictures
- upper endoscopy: when small bowel mucosal disease suspected
- capsule endoscopy: visualize small bowel but no sampling
- colonoscopy: evaluate malignancy, IBD, microscopic colitis
- stool studies:
- fecal weight, fecal elec
-
Gallbladder Polyp
gallbladder polyp
- related: GI
Cholecystectomy is indicated for this patient with a gallbladder polyp and gallstones because of the increased risk for gallbladder cancer when the two conditions coexist. The finding of a gallbladder polyp larger than 1 cm in size is an indication for cholecystectomy, even if the patient is asymptomatic. An additional indication for prophylactic cholecystectomy is the presence of a gallbladder polyp larger than 8 mm in size in the set
-
Microscopic Colitis
microscopic colitis
- related: GI, chronic diarrhea
- patient: older
- pathophysiology:
- sometimes medications such as PPI or NSAIDS
- associated with immune conditions, DM, psoriasis, celiac disease
- sx:
- chronic, watery diarrhea
- dx:
- random colonic mucosal biopsies
- no endoscopically visible inflammation
- subtypes: lymphocytic and collagenous colitis
This patient has **mic
-
Paracentesis
paracentesis
- SAAG > 1.1: portal HTN
- TP > 2.5: cardiac, heart failure, budd chiari
- TP < 2.5: cirrhotic
- if TP < 1.5: less complement, less immunity, assume SBP
- SAAG < 1.1: nephrotic syndrome
- SBP: signs of renal dysfunction, bad systemic function (bili > 3, Child pugh > 9)
- por
- SAAG > 1.1: portal HTN
-
Bowel Regimens
bowel regimens
Strategy
- Start with Miralax and senna-docusate once a day each
- Avoid lactulose if bowel is in colon as they will just sit there, absorb water, expand, and cause perforation
- Use manual disimpaction if bowel in rectum
- Can use dulcolax or lactulose suppository
- Use suppository next
- Use enema last
- Lactulose enema does not cause perforation
- Avoid electrolyte enema in renal patients: milk of ma
-
Sbp
sbp
- related: GI, hepatic encephalopathy, paracentesis
- tags: #note
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is an infection of ascitic fluid in the setting of portal hypertension. SBP has a high mortality rate, and patients who develop SBP should be considered for liver transplantation. SBP can present with fever, abdominal pain, and kidney disease, but its presence should
-
Cirrhosis
cirrhosis
- related: GI
- tags: #note
Things to know for cirrhosis patients
- BM per day: lactulose or rifaximin
- Volume status: on lasix and aldactone
- Last endoscopy: any varices
- Last cancer screening: US/CT/AFP
- Transplant?
- Hx of SBP
- TIPS procedures?
Ascites? GI bleed
Patients without symptom improvement and serum sodium > 120 mEq/L require combination oral high-dose spiro
-
Alcoholic Hepatitis
alcoholic hepatitis
- related: GI
- tags: #note
- Level of alcohol induced liver disease: steatosis, steatohepatitis, severe steatohepatitis (alcoholic hepatitis)
- ANI index can be used to determine whether alcoholic or nonalcoholic liver disease: <https://www.mayoclinic.org/medical-professionals/
-
Liver Ultrasound
liver ultrasound
- related: GI
- tags: #note
- US doppler: Budd Chiari
- for acute inpatient
- look for clots
- complete US: for splenomegaly
- limited US: for liver only, HCC surveillaince
- always do AFP at same time
- look for ascites
- Fibroscan: If US does not show cirrhosis, fibroscan can detect microfibrosis
- F0 = normal, F4 = cirrhosis
-
Disorders of the Esophagus
Disorders of the Esophagus
- related: GI
- tags: #GI
Symptoms of Esophageal Disease
Dysphagia
Dysphagia represents a disruption in the swallowing mechanism, resulting in food not passing from the mouth to the stomach. Common descriptions of the sensations of dysphagia include food “hanging up” or feeling “lodged” or “stuck” during a meal. Determining whether the underlying cause is oropharyngeal or esophageal is important in developing a differential dia
-
Disorders of the Pancreas
Disorders of the Pancreas
- related: GI
- tags: #GI
Acute Pancreatitis
Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory process involving the pancreas and extrapancreatic organs. It is the most common gastrointestinal cause of hospitalization in the United States. Passage of gallstones, sludge, or biliary crystals (microlithiasis) is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis (Table 15). Premature
-
Disorders of the Stomach and Duodenum
Disorders of the Stomach and Duodenum
- related: GI
- tags: #GI
Dyspepsia
Clinical Features
Dyspepsia is a term used to describe epigastric pain. Associated symptoms can include early satiety, epigastric burning, nausea, and postprandial symptoms, including pain, bloating, or belching. Coexistent heartburn may be present, but it is not a primary symptom of dyspepsia. Recurrent or bothersome vomiting should raise concern for other conditions.
The
-
Colorectal Neoplasia
Colorectal Neoplasia
- related: GI, metastatic colon cancer to liver
- tags: #GI
Colorectal Neoplasia
Epidemiology
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer and second most common cause of cancer-related mortality among men and women in the United States. Its annual incidence rate among adults in the United States is 42 cases per 100,000, and its mortality rate is 15.5 deaths per 100,000. The incidence of colorectal cancer is approximately 25%
-
Disorders of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts
Disorders of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts
- related: GI
- tags: #GI
Asymptomatic Gallstones
Gallstones can be characterized as either cholesterol stones or pigment stones, which are black or brown. Cholesterol stones are the result of supersaturation of the bile with cholesterol; they account for approximately 75% of cases in the United States. Risk factors for cholesterol cholelithiasis include
-
Disorders of the Liver
Disorders of the Liver
- related: GI
- tags: #GI
Approach to the Patient with Abnormal Liver Chemistry Studies
Basic metabolic panels commonly include liver chemistry tests. Liver chemistry tests are often abnormal (10% to 20% of the time); therefore, it is important to take a systematic approach to their evaluation. The patterns of the elevations of liver tests can be used to group causes into categories; however, these pa
-
Disorders of the Small and Large Bowel
Disorders of the Small and Large Bowel
- related: GI
- tags: #GI
Diarrhea
Classification
Diarrhea is a condition marked by passage of a greater number of less-formed stools than normal. The classification of diarrhea as acute or chronic is determined by duration of symptoms: acute diarrhea is defined by duration of less than 2 weeks, whereas chronic diarrhea is defined by duration of at least 4 weeks. Acute diarrhea is usually caused by infectious agents
-
Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Gastrointestinal Bleeding
- related: GI
- tags: #GI
Overview
In the United States, gastrointestinal bleeding is a common gastrointestinal cause of hospitalization. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is defined as bleeding from the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum. The mortality rate for patients with UGIB varies from 2% to 10% but is usually due to other factors related to comorbid diseases. Lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) occurs from th
-
Ileal Resection Leads to Vitamin B12 Deficiency
ileal resection leads to vitamin b12 deficiency
- related: GI
- tags: #GI
Ileal section leads to vitamin B12 deficiency, bile salt malabsorption (subsequent malabsorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins), and secretory diarrhea. The secretory diarrhea is due to malabsorbed bile acids entering the colon causing colonic stimulation; cholestyramine lessens this process by binding the bile
-
Roux-en-Y
roux-en-y
- related: GI
- tags:
- can cause recurrent calcium renal stones from malabsorption
- Malabsorption causes more intestinal fatty acid binding to calcium, which increases colonic oxalate absorption and renal oxalate excretion.
Diabetes
Randomized controlled trials have shown that Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is more effective than conventional medical therapy (eg, lifestyle changes,
-
Vibrio Vulnificus Can Be Fatal in Liver Disease Patients
vibrio vulnificus can be fatal in liver disease patients
This patient’s presentation is consistent with Vibrio vulnificus infection, a gram-negative bacterium that causes serious wound infections and sepsis. The organism is most virulent in patients with cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, and chronic diseases (e.g., diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, hepatitis). Vibrio vulnificus is associated with undercooked or raw shel
-
Esophageal Perforation
esophageal perforation
- related: GI
- tags: #GI
This patient's presentation suggests spontaneous esophageal rupture (SER). SER (Boerhaave syndrome) is usually due to prolonged nausea and vomiting causing an acute rise of intraesophageal pressure combined with negative intrathoracic pressure. This leads to a transmural esophageal
-
Metformin Reduces B12 Absorption
metformin reduces b12 absorption
Metformin reduces intestinal absorption of vitamin B12 by up to 30%. The mechanism is thought to involve impaired calcium-dependent binding of the intrinsic factor-B12 complex to its receptor, thus decreasing ileal absorption. The risk of developing vitamin B12 deficiency increases with older patients, higher metformin doses, and longer durations of treatment. Neurologic symptoms m
-
Ogilvie Syndrome Aka Colonic Pseudoobstruction
Ogilvie syndrome aka colonic pseudoobstruction
- related: GI
- tags: #GI
Ogilvie syndrome is most common in hospitalized or institutionalized men age >60. Although its etiology is unclear, it is suspected to be related to autonomic nervous system dysfunction in the setting of prior insults (eg, trauma, surgery, infection, neurologic disorders), particularly in combination with metabol
-
Abdominal Pain Following Colonoscopy with Biopsy Can Be Sign of Perforation
abdominal pain following colonoscopy with biopsy can be sign of perforation
- related: GI
- tags: #GI
This patient's abdominal pain following colonoscopy with biopsies is concerning for perforation at the polypectomy site. Perforation can occur due to direct mechanical trauma from the colonoscope, barotrauma from the colonoscopy pressure, or electrocautery injury during polypectomy. Screening colonoscopy has <0.1% risk of perforation, but interventions (eg,
-
Metastatic Colon Cancer to Liver
metastatic colon cancer to liver
Approximately 20% of patients with colorectal cancer have metastatic disease at diagnosis. Common sites include the liver, lung, peritoneum, and lymph nodes. Most cases are incurable, but patients with liver-isolated colorectal cancer can sometimes be cured with surgical resection. Surgery can generally
-
Triglyceride Induced Pancreatitis
triglyceride induced pancreatitis
- related: GI
- tags: #GI
This patient has acute pancreatitis, likely due to hypertriglyceridemia. Pancreatitis can occur in primary (inherited) or acquired hypertriglyceridemia, and the risk increases with pregnancy, alcohol intake, obesity, and uncontrolled diabetes. The risk also increases across all levels of hypertriglyceridemia, but most ca
-
Volvulus
volvulus
- related: GI
- tags: #GI
Volvulus is due to an intestinal segmental torsion that may lead to obstruction or gangrene if untreated. It occurs most commonly in the sigmoid and cecum and less commonly in other portions of the gastrointestinal tract (eg, stomach, transverse colon, splenic flexure). Sigmo
-
HCC Hepatocellular Carcinoma
HCC hepatocellular carcinoma
- related: GI, Disorders of the Liver
- tags: #GI
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common liver tumor arising in patients with cirrhosis, the fifth most common cause of cancer worldwide, and the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Approximately 85% of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma have cirrhosis.
Patients with cirrhosis, regardless of the cause, require surveillance liver ultrasound with
-
PBC Primary Biliary Cholangitis
primary biliary cholangitis
- related: GI, PSC primary sclerosing cholangitis
- tags: #GI
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), previously termed primary biliary cirrhosis, is an autoimmune disease affecting the small and medium bile ducts with a female to male predominance of 9 to 1. It is more common in individ
-
Colonic Ischemia vs Small Bowel Ischemia
colonic ischemia vs small bowel ischemia
- related: GI
- tags: #GI
This patient's presentation of acute-onset abdominal pain and hematochezia is typical for colonic ischemia, the most common form of ischemic bowel disease affecting the elderly. Colonic ischemia is usually due to hypovolemia or decreased effective arterial blood volume, leading to an abrupt and temporary decrease in **
-
Ulcerative Colitis Flare
ulcerative colitis flare
- related: GI
- tags: #GI
This patient has an acute severe ulcerative colitis (UC) flare, characterized by >6 bloody bowel movements per day, severe abdominal cramps, weight loss, tachycardia, fever, anemia, and elevated inflammatory markers (eg, erythrocyte sedimentation rate). The initial evaluation should include stool studies to rule out infectious colitis (cu
-
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth
small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
- related: GI
- tags: #GI
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth
This patient has bloating, flatulence, diarrhea, and macrocytic anemia, which, given her history of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, should raise suspicion for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO).
SIBO is common in patients who have undergone gastrointestinal bypass surgery
-
Copper Deficiency
copper deficiency
This patient’s presentation of myeloneuropathy, normocytic anemia, leukopenia, and history of gastric bypass is consistent with likely copper deficiency precipitated by recent zinc supplementation. Acquired copper deficiency is most commonly due to gastric surgery; other causes include prolonged total parenteral nutrition, excessive zinc ingestion, and malabsorptive enteropathies (eg,
-
Endoscopic Biopsies for H Pylori Infection to Rule Out Gastric Cancers
endoscopic biopsies for H Pylori infection to rule out gastric cancers
- related: GI
- tags: #GI
This patient presents with symptoms of peptic ulcer disease likely from Helicobacter pylori infection, a common cause of gastric and duodenal ulcers. Peptic ulcer disease is also strongly associated with gastric cancers (40%) and primarily gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas. _H
-
Medicine
Todos
Organ Systems
- Allergy and Immunology
- Rheumatology
- Cardiology
- Dermatology
- Endocrine
- ENT
- GI
- Hemeonc
- ID
- MSK
- Nephrology
- Urology
- Neurology
- Pulmonology
- Podiatry
Subject Areas
